Red Oak Borer
Forest Entomology at the University of Arkansas - Fred Stephen
Southern Pine Beetle

 

Publications

 

Categories

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Southern Pine Beetle: Miscellaneous
  • Stephen, F. M. 1992. A hitch-hiker's guide to the southern pine beetle. A. D. Hopkins Award Address. pp 14-25. Proceedings 35th Annual Southern Forest Insect Work Conference. Fayetteville, AR. August 1, 1990. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., M. P. Lih, and G. W. Wallis. 1988. Integrated pest management of the southern pine beetle. Ark. Farm Res. Nov-Dec. PDF 
  • Stephen, F. M. 1982. Southern pine beetle research in Arkansas. Discovery, Univ. of Ark. System Publication 2(2):12-13.
  • Hertel, G. D., R. P. Belanger, R. N. Coulson, J. Lewis, T. L. Payne, F. M. Stephen, J. W. Taylor, J. G. D. Ward, and R. F. Westbrook. 1980. Recommendations for future work. pp. 205-213. In R. C. Thatcher, J. L. Searcy, J. E. Coster, G. D. Hertel (eds.), The Southern Pine Beetle. USDA For. Serv. Tech. Bull. 1631. 266 pp.
  • Belanger, R. P., R. N. Coulson, J. Lewis, T. L. Payne, F. M. Stephen, J. W. Taylor, J. G. D. Ward, and R. F. Westbrook. 1979. Southern pine beetle research, applications and implementation activities for the southern forestry community. USDA For. Serv. and SEA-Cr Assem. Rep. 26 pp.

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Southern Pine Beetle: Biological Control
  • VanLaerhoven, S. L., and F. M. Stephen.  2003. Rain Influences Trap Catch of Adult Parasitoids of the Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. J. Entomol. Sci. 38(1): 143-146. PDF
  • VanLaerhoven, S. L., and F. M. Stephen.  2002. Height Distribution of Adult Parasitoids of the Southern Pine Beetle Complex. Environ. Entomol. 31(6): 982-987. PDF
  • VanLaerhoven, S. L., T. L. Hanano, F. M. Stephen. 2002. Baseline egg load of southern pine beetle parasitoid complex. Can. Entomol. 134:551-560. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M. and L. E. Browne. 2000. Application of EliminadeTM parasitoid food to boles and crowns of pines (Pinaceae) infested with Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Entomol. 132:983-985. PDF
  • Drumtra, D. E. W. and F. M. Stephen. 1999. Incidence of wildflower visitation by hymenopterous parasitoids of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 34(4):484-488. PDF
  • Mathews, P. L. and F. M. Stephen. 1999. Impacts of an artificial diet and varied environmental conditions on longevity of Coeloides pissodis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 28: 729-. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M. and L. E. Browne. 1999. Using nutrient sources to enhance parasitoid survival and oviposition. Abstract in, Biological Control of Bark Beetles. Proceedings Western Forest Insect and Disease Work Conference. Breckinridge, CO. Sept. 1999
  • Stephen, F. M., M. P. Lih and L. E. Browne. 1997. Augmentation of Dendroctonus frontalis parasitoid effectiveness by artificial diet. pp 15-22 in J. C. Grégoire, A. M. Liebhold, F. M. Stephen, K. R. Day, and S. M. Salom, [editors]. Proceedings: Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-236. PDF
  • Mathews, P. L. and F. M. Stephen. 1997. Effect of artificial diet on longevity of adult parasitoids of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 26:961-965. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., M. P. Lih, and L. E. Browne. 1996. Biological control of southern pine beetle through enhanced nutrition of its adult parasitoids. pp 34-35. in. R. F. Billings, and T. E. Nebeker, [tech eds]. Proceedings North American Forest Insect Work Conference. Texas For. Serv. Publ 160. 228 p. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M. 1995. Potential for suppressing southern pine beetle populations by enhancing effectiveness of their hymenopteran parasitoids. pp. 226-240. In F. P. Hain, S. M. Salom, W. F. Ravlin, T. L. Payne and K. F. Raffa [eds.], Behavior, population dynamics and control of forest insects. Maui, Hawaii. 06-11 February 1994. Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio. PDF
  • Jones, J. M. and F. M. Stephen. 1994. Effect of temperature on development of hymenopterous parasitoids of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 23:457-463. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., M. P. Lih, and G. W. Wallis. 1989. Impact of arthropod natural enemies on Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) mortality and their potential role in infestation growth. pp. 169-185. In: Kulhavy, D. L., and M. C. Miller eds. Potential for Biological Control of Dendroctonus and Ips bark beetles. Stephen F. Austin State University Press 255pp. PDF

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Southern Pine Beetle: Host Resistance
  • Lorio, P. L. Jr., Stephen, F. M. and T. D. Paine. 1995. Environment and ontogeny modify loblolly pine response to induced acute water deficits and bark beetle attack. Forest Ecology and Manag. 73:97-110. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., F. M. Stephen and R. G. Cates. 1993. Within and among tree variation of loblolly pine induced response to fungal inoculation and sterile wounding. Can. Entomol. 124(1):65-71. PDF
  • Ross, D. W., P. Fenn and F. M. Stephen. 1993. Growth of southern pine beetle associated fungi in relation to the induced wound response in loblolly pine. Abstr. In Phytopathology. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., F. M. Stephen and R. G. Cates. 1992. Host defense reactions in response to inoculation with Ophiostoma species. pp. 200-205. In Ceratocystis and Ophiostoma: Taxonomy, Ecology and Pathology. K. A. Seifert, M. J. Wingfield and J. F. Webber (eds). APS Press. St. Paul, MN. PDF
  • Ross, D. W., P. Fenn and F. M. Stephen. 1992. Growth of southern pine beetle associated fungi in relation to the induced wound response in loblolly pine. Can. J. Forest. Res. 22:1851-1859. PDF
  • F. M. Stephen and R. G. Cates. 1988. Phenology of an induced response in loblolly pine following inoculation of fungi associated with the southern pine beetle. Can. J. For. Res. 18:1556-1562. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., and F. M. Stephen. 1988. Induced defenses of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda : potential impact on Dendroctonus frontalis within-tree mortality. Entomol. exp. appl. 46:39-46.Paine, T. D., PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., M. P. Lih, T. D. Paine, and G. W. Wallis. 1988. Using acute stress to modify tree resistance: impact on within-tree southern pine beetle populations. pp.105-119. In T. L. Payne and H. Saarenmaa, (eds.) Integrated Control of Scolytid Beetles, Symposium Proceedings. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 356pp. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., and F. M. Stephen. 1987. Influence of tree stress and site quality on the induced defense system of loblolly pine. Can. J. Forest Research 17:569-571. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., and F. M. Stephen. 1987. The relationship of tree height and crown class to the induced plant defense of loblolly pine. Can. J. Botany 65:2090-2092. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., and F. M. Stephen. 1987 . Fungi associated with the southern pine beetle: Avoidance of the induced defense response in loblolly pine. Oecologia 74:377-379. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., and F. M. Stephen. 1987. Response of loblolly pine to different inoculum doses of Ceratocystis minor (Hedg.) Hunt, a bluestain fungus associated with Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. Can. J. Botany 65:2093-2095. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., C. A. Blanche, T. E. Nebeker, and F. M. Stephen. 1987. Composition of loblolly pine resin defenses: Comparison of monoterpenes from induced lesion and sapwood resins. Can. J. Forest Res. 17:1202-1206. PDF
  • Paine. T. D., Stephen, F. M., and Cates, R. G. 1985. Induced defenses against Dendroctonus frontalis and associated fungi: Variation in loblolly pine resistance. In Integrated Pest Management Research Symposium: The Proceedings. S. J. Branham and R. C. Thatcher (eds). U.S. Dep. Agr. For. Serv., So. Forest Expt. Sta. Gen. Tech. Rep. SO-56. New Orleans, LA. pp. 169-176. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., F. M. Stephen, and R. G. Gates. 1985. Induced defenses against Dendroctonus frontalis / Ceratocystis minor: variation in loblolly pine resistance. In S. J. Branham and R. C. Thatcher (eds.) Integrated Pest Management Research Symposium: The Pro-ceedings. U.S. Dep. Agr. For. Serv., So. For. Exp. Stn, Gen. Tech. Rept. SO-56. pp. 177-184. 
  • Stephen, F. M., and T. D. Paine. 1985. Seasonal patterns of host tree resistance to fungal associates of the southern pine beetle. Z. ang. Entomol. 99:113-122. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., F. M. Stephen, G. W. Wallis, and J. F. Young. 1985. Seasonal variation in host tree defense to the southern pine beetle and associated fungi. Ark. Farm Res. 34(5):5. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., T. D. Paine, and M. P. Lih. 1985. Mechanisms of tree resistance to bark beetles: synthesis and applications. In R. A. Goyer and J. P. Jones, (eds.) Proceedings of the LSU forestry Symposium: Insects and Diseases of Southern Forests. Louisiana State University. Baton Rouge, LA. pp. 69-82. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., T. D. Paine, and M. P. Lih. 1983. Understanding bark beetle/host interactions: a means for improving decision strategies. Zeit. ang. Entomol. 96(3):257-265. PDF
  • Linit, M. J., and F. M. Stephen. 1982. Observations on trees resisting southern pine beetle attack. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 17(3):351-356. PDF

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Southern Pine Beetle: Natural Enemies and Associates

 
  • VanLaerhoven, S. L., T. L. Hanano, F. M. Stephen. 2002. Baseline egg load of southern pine beetle parasitoid complex. Can. Entomol. 134:551-560. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., C. W. Berisford, D. L. Dahlsten, P. Fenn and J. C. Moser. 1993. Insect and microorganism associates. In Schowalter, T. D. and G. Filip (eds). Beetle-pathogen interactions in conifer forests. Academic Press, London, 252 pp. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., G. W. Wallis and M. P. Lih. 1991. Southern pine beetle natural enemies in relation to infestation development. Abstr. In "Biological control of forest insects". North American Forest Insect Work Conference. Denver, Colorado. March 1991
  • Stephen, F. M., M. P. Lih, and G. W. Wallis. 1989. Impact of arthropod natural enemies on Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) mortality and their potential role in infestation growth. pp. 169-185. In: Kulhavy, D. L., and M. C. Miller eds. Potential for Biological Control of Dendroctonus and Ips bark beetles. Stephen F. Austin State University Press 255pp. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M. 1989. Associates of bark beetles - state of the art of research. In "Attraction and dispersal of pine bark beetles and their associates". International work conference on pine bark beetles. Mountain Lake, Virginia. October 1989
  • Stephen, F. M. 1989. Associates of bark beetles - need for future research. In "Attraction and dispersal of pine bark beetles and their associates". International work conference on pine bark beetles. Mountain Lake, Virginia. October 1989
  • Linit, M. J., and F. M. Stephen. 1983. Parasite and predator component of within-tree southern pine beetle mortality. Can. Entomol. 115:679-688. PDF
  • Kinn, D. N., and F. M. Stephen. 1981. The incidence of endoparasitism of Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. by Contortylenchus brevicomi (Massey) Ruhm. Z. ang. Entomol. 91:452-458. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and D. N. Kinn. 1980. The spatial distribution of mites associated with the southern pine beetle. Environ. Entomol. 9:713-71. PDF

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Southern Pine Beetle: Population Dynamics

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  • Dodds, K. J., C. Graber and F. M. Stephen. 2001. Facultative intraguild predation by larval Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), Monochamus carolinensis, on bark beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 30(1): 17-22. PDF
  • Dodds, K. J. and F. M. Stephen. 2000. Partial age-specific life tables for Monochamus titillator in Dendroctonus frontalis -infested loblolly pines. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 97:331-338. PDF
  • Lih, M. P. and F. M. Stephen. 1996. Relationship of host tree diameter to within-tree southern pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) population dynamics. Environ. Entomol. 25:736-742. PDF
  • Coppedge, B. R., F. M. Stephen, and G. W. Felton. 1995. Variation in female southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) size and fat content in relation to fungal associates. Can. Entomol. 127:145-154. PDF
  • Coppedge, B. R., M. J. Jones, G. W. Felton, F. M. Stephen. 1994. Examination of midgut proteinaces of the adult southern pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 29(4):457-465. PDF
  • Coppedge, B. R., F. M. Stephen, and G. W. Felton. 1994. Variation in size and lipid content of adult southern pine beetles, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) inrelation to season.. J. Entomol. Sci. 29(4):570-579. PDF
  • Jones, J. M. and F. M. Stephen. 1994. Effect of temperature on development of hymenopterous parasitoids of Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 23:457-463. PDF
  • Goldhammer, D. G., F. M. Stephen and T. D. Paine. 1990. The effect of the fungi Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt, Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt var. barrasii Taylor and SJB 122 on reproduction of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Entomol. 122:407-418. PDF
  • Goldhammer, D. G., F. M. Stephen and T. D. Paine. 1989 Average radial growth rate and chlamydospore production of Ceratocystis minor, Ceratocystis minor var. barrasii and SJB 122 in culture. Can. J. Botany 67:3498-3505. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., M. P. Lih, T. D. Paine, and G. W. Wallis. 1988. Using acute stress to modify tree resistance: impact on within-tree southern pine beetle populations. pp.105-119. In T. L. Payne and H. Saarenmaa, (eds.) Integrated Control of Scolytid Beetles, Symposium Proceedings. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 356pp. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., and F. M. Stephen. 1988. Induced defenses of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda : potential impact on Dendroctonus frontalis within-tree mortality. Entomol. exp. appl. 46:39-46.Paine, T. D.,PDF
  • Paine, T. D., F. M. Stephen and R. G. Cates. 1988. Moisture stress, tree suitability and southern pine beetle population dynamics". Proc. IUFRO Symp. "Integrated Control of Scolytid Beetles", In T. L. Payne and H. Saarenmaa, (eds.) Integrated Control of Scolytid Beetles, Symposium Proceedings. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. 356pp.
  • Coulson, R. N., G. D. Amman, D. L. Dahlsten, C. J. DeMars, and F. M. Stephen. 1985. Forest-bark beetle interactions: bark beetle population dynamics. pp. 61-80. In Waters, W. E., R. W. Stark, and D. L. Woods, (eds.), Integrated Pest Management In Pine-Bark Beetle Ecosystems. John Wiley & Sons 256 pp. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., Stephen, F. M., and Mason, G. N. 1985. A risk model integrating stand hazard and southern pine beetle population level. In L. Safranyik (ed.) Proc. IUFRO Conf.: The Role of the Host in the Population Dynamics of Forest Insects. Can. Forestry Serv. Pac. Forest Res. Cen., Victoria. B.C. pp. 201-212. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and T. D. Paine. 1985. Conceptual model of infestation probability based on bark beetle abundance and host tree susceptibility: an addendum. Environ. Entomol. 14(1):iv. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., F. M. Stephen, and H. A. Taha. 1984. Conceptual model of infestation probability based on bark beetle abundance and host tree susceptibility. Environ. Entomol. 13:619-624. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and H. A. Taha. 1979. Tree mortality and beetle population measurements as components of treatment evaluation procedures on discrete forest management units. pp. 45-53. In J. E. Coster and J. L. Searcy (eds.), Evaluating Control Tactics for the Southern Pine Beetle. Symp. Proc. USDA For. Serv. Tech. Bull. 1613. 118 pp. PDF
  • Cooper, M. E., and F. M. Stephen. 1978. Parent adult reemergence in southern pine beetle populations. Environ. Entomol. 7:574-577. PDF

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Southern Pine Beetle: Modeling
  • Stephen, F. M. and M. P. Lih. 1991. Development of functional models for southern pine beetle population prediction. Abstr. In "Modeling - Development". North American Forest Insect Work Conference. Denver, Colorado. March 1991.
  • Lih, M. P., and F. M. Stephen. 1989. Modeling southern pine beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) population dynamics: methods, results and impending challenges. pp. 256-267. In L. L. McDonald, B. F. Manly, J. A. Lockwood and J. A. Logan (eds.). Estimation and Analysis of Insect Populations, Conference Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Statistics, Vol. 55, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. PDF
  • Lih, M. P., and F. M. Stephen. 1987. Arkansas SPBMODEL--A computer simulation model. USDA Forest Service, Forest Pest Management. Protection Report R8-PR5. Atlanta, GA. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., Stephen, F. M., and Mason, G. N. 1985. A risk model integrating stand hazard and southern pine beetle population level. In L. Safranyik (ed.) Proc. IUFRO Conf.: The Role of the Host in the Population Dynamics of Forest Insects. Can. Forestry Serv. Pac. Forest Res. Cen., Victoria. B.C. pp. 201-212. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and T. D. Paine. 1985. Conceptual model of infestation probability based on bark beetle abundance and host tree susceptibility: an addendum. Environ. Entomol. 14(1):iv.  PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and M. P. Lih. 1985. A Dendroctonus frontalis infestation growth model: organization, refinement, and utilization. In S. J. Branham and R. C. Thatcher (eds.) Integrated Pest Management Research Symposium: The Proceedings. U. S. Dep. Agr. For. Serv., So. Forest Expt. Sta., Gen. Tech. Rept. SO-56. New Orleans, LA. pp. 186-194. PDF
  • Taha, H. A., and F. M. Stephen. 1984. Modeling with imperfect data: a case study simulating a biological system. Simulation 42:109-115. PDF
  • Paine, T. D., F. M. Stephen, and H. A. Taha. 1984. Conceptual model of infestation probability based on bark beetle abundance and host tree susceptibility. Environ. Entomol. 13:619-624. PDF
  • Lih, M. P. and F. M. Stephen. 1983. Use of computer simulation models to predict expected tree mortality and monetary loss from SPB spots-a research update. USDA For. Serv. For. Bull. R8-FB/P1. SPB Fact Sheet. No. 26. SO Reg., Atlanta, GA 2pp. PDF
  • Taha, H. A., and F. M. Stephen. 1981. Tactical problems in simulating biological systems. pp. 76-78. In Proc. 1981 Summer Simul. Conf. Wash. D.C. PDF
  • Hines, G. S., F. M. Stephen, and H. A. Taha. 1980. Uses and structure of a simulation model for investigating the dynamics of southern pine beetle. pp. 696-699. In Proc. Computer Simul. Conf. Seattle, Washington. August, 1980. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and R. N. Coulson. 1980. The southern pine beetle population modeling symposium--an introduction and overview. pp. 1-3. In F. M. Stephen, J. L. Searcy, and G. D. Hertel (eds.), Modeling Southern Pine Beetle Populations. USDA For. Serv. Tech. Bull. 1630:174 pp. PDF
  • Taha, H. A., F. M. Stephen, and M. Motamedi. 1980. Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty in estimation of rates for a southern pine beetle model. pp. 13-19. In F. M. Stephen, J. L. Searcy, and G. D. Hertel (eds.), Modeling Southern Pine Beetle Populations. USDA For. Serv. Tech. Bull. 1630:174 pp. PDF
  • Hines, G. S., H. A. Taha, and F. M. Stephen. 1980. Model for predicting southern pine beetle population growth and tree mortality. pp. 4-12. In F. M. Stephen, J. L. Searcy, and G. D. Hertel (eds.), Modeling Southern Pine Beetle Populations. USDA For. Serv. Tech. Bull. 1630:174 pp. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., J. L. Searcy, and G. D. Hertel (eds.). 1980. Modeling Southern Pine Beetle Populations. USDA For. Serv. Tech. Bull. 1630. 174 pp.

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Southern Pine Beetle: Sampling
  • Stephen, F. M., and H. A. Taha. 1979. Tree mortality and beetle population measurements as components of treatment evaluation procedures on discrete forest management units. pp. 45-53. In J. E. Coster and J. L. Searcy (eds.), Evaluating Control Tactics for the Southern Pine Beetle. Symp. Proc. USDA For. Serv. Tech. Bull. 1613. 118 pp. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and H. A. Taha. 1979. Area-wide estimation of southern pine beetle populations. Environ. Entomol. 8:850-855. PDF
  • Linit, M. J., and F. M. Stephen. 1978. Comparison of methods for estimation of attacking adult populations of Dendroctonus frontalis. J. Econ. Entomol. 71:732-735. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and H. A. Taha. 1976. Optimization of sampling effort for within-tree populations of southern pine beetle and its natural enemies. Environ. Entomol. 5:1001-100. PDF

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Western and Mountain Pine Beetles
  • Stephen, F. M., and D. L. Dahlsten. 1976. The temporal and spatial arrival pattern of Dendroctonus brevicomis Le Conte in ponderosa pine. Can. Entomol. 108:271-282. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and D. L. Dahlsten. 1976. The arrival sequence of the arthropod complex following attack by Dendroctonus brevicomis Le Conte in ponderosa pine. Can. Entomol. 108:283-304. PDF
  • Browne, L. E., D. L. Dahlsten, F. M. Stephen, and J. M. Wenz. 1976. Lindane registration should not be retained. pp. 22-24. In T. W. Koerber (compiler), Lindane in forestry...a continuing controversy. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-14. 30 pp. PDF
  • Dahlsten, D. L., and F. M. Stephen. 1974. Natural enemies and insect associates of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in sugar pine. Can. Entomol. 106:1211-121. PDF

 

Cerambycidae
Monochamus
  • Dodds, K. J. and F. M. Stephen. 2002. Arrival and species complex of Cerambycidae on southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis, attacked pine trees. J. Ent. Sci. PDF
  • Dodds, K. J., C. Graber and F. M. Stephen. 2002. Oviposition biology of the lesser pine borer, Acanthocinus nodosus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in Pinus taeda. J. Fla. Entomol. PDF
  • Dodds, K. J., C. Graber and F. M. Stephen. 2001. Facultative intraguild predation by larval Cerambycidae (Coleoptera), Monochamus carolinensis, on bark beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Environ. Entomol. 30(1): 17-22. PDF
  • Dodds, K. J. and F. M. Stephen. 2000. Partial age-specific life tables for Monochamus titillator in Dendroctonus frontalis-infested loblolly pines. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 97:331-338.
Enaphalodes
  • Crook, D.J., M.K. Fierke, A. Mauromoustakos, D.L. Kinney, F.M. Stephen. 2007. Optimization of sampling methods for within-tree populations of red oak borer, Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Environ. Entomol. 36:589-594. PDF
  • M. Brent Kelley, Wingard S.W., Szalanski, S.L., and Stephen, F.M. 2005. Molecular Diagnostics of Enaphalodes Rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Florida Entomologist 89(2): 251-256. PDF
  • Ware, V. L.; Stephen, F. M. 2006. Facultative Intraguild Predation of Red Oak Borer Larvae (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Environmental Entomology, Volume 35, Number 2, April 2006, pp. 443-447(5). PDF
  • M. K. Fierke; D. L. Kinney; V. B. Salisbury; D. J. Crook; F. M. Stephen. (2005) Development and Comparison of Intensive and Extensive Sampling Methods and Preliminary Within-Tree Population Estimates of Red Oak Borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansas. Environmental Entomology. 2005, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 184 - 192. PDF
  • Fierke, M.K.,Kinney, D.L., Salisbury, V.B., Crook, D.J., and Stephen, F.M. 2005. A rapid estimation procedure for within-tree populations of red oak borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Forest Ecology and Management 215 (2005) 163–168. PDF
  • Stephen, F.M., V. B. Salisbury, F. Limp, and D. Crook. 2002. Red Oak Borer, Enapholodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): A remarkable epidemic of Oak Mortality in the Interior Highland Forests.AFRC-CES sponsored symposium in Little Rock, AR May 23, 2002. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., V. B. Salisbury and F. L. Oliveria. 2001. Red oak borer, Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), in the Ozark Mountains of Arkansa, USA: an unexpected and remarkable forest disturbance. Integrated Pest Management Reviews. 6:247-252. PDF

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Nantucket Pine Tip Moth

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
  • Clarke, S. R., F. M. Stephen and J. E. Dunn. 1990. Spatial distribution of the Nantucket pine tip moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in newly established loblolly pine plantations. J. Entomol. Sci. 25(2):209-215. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and G. W. Wallis. 1985. Dynamics of Nantucket pine tip moth populations in intensively managed pine plantations in Arkansas. pp 61-70. In Site characteristics and population dynamics of Lepidopteran and Hymenopteran forest pests. Proc. IUFRO Conf. on Population Dynamics of Forest Insects. Dornoch, Scotland. September, 1980. PDF
  • Haugen, D. A., and F. M. Stephen. 1984. Development rates of Nantucket pine tip moth Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) life stages in relation to temperature. Environ. Entomol. 13:56-60. PDF
  • Miller, F. D., and F. M. Stephen. 1983. Effects of vegetation on Nantucket pine tip moth (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) populations in loblolly pine plantations in Arkansas. Environ. Entomol. 12:101-105. PDF
  • McLeod, P. J., G. W. Wallis, W. C. Yearian, F. M. Stephen, and S. Y. Young. 1983. Evaluation of codling moth granulosis virus for Nantucket pine tip moth suppression. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 18(3):414-427 .  PDF
  • Stephen, F. M. 1983. Nantucket Pine Tip Moth in Forest Stands.  pp.53-58 In: History, status, and future needs for entomology research in southern forests.  T.L. Payne, R.F. Billings, R.N. Coulson, and D.L. Kulhavy (eds.) Proc. 10th Anniversary of the East Texas Forest Entomology seninar.  Oct. 6-7, 1983. Kurth Lake, TX.   PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., W. C. Yearian, S. Y. Young, and G. W. Wallis. 1982. Preliminary evaluation of codling moth granulosis virus for suppression of Nantucket pine tip moth. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 17:398-403. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., G. W. Wallis, R. J. Colvin, J. F. Young, and L. O. Warren. 1982. Pine growth and yield: influence of pine species, plant spacing, vegetation and pine tip moth control. Ark. Farm Res. 31(2):10. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., M.A. Mayse, G. W. Wallis, S.R. Clarke, and D.A. Hangen. 1981. Population dynamics and pest management of the Nantucket pine tip moth Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock) in Arkansas.  Ark. Agr. Exp. Sta. Project: 1-13. PDF
  • Wallis, G. W., and F. M.Stephen. 1980. Diapause in the Nantucket pine tip moth. J. Ga. Entomol. Soc. 15:454-455. PDF
  • Wallis, G. W., F. M. Stephen, G. Scriven, and R. F. Luck. 1980. A cooperative effort at biological control of the Nantucket pine tip moth. Ark. Farm Res. 29(2):8. PDF
  • Young, J. A., L. O. Warren, and F. M. Stephen. 1979. Pine growth and yield: influences of pine tip moth control. Ark. Farm Res. 28(2):7-8. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., and G. W. Wallis. 1978. Tip damage as an index of Nantucket pine tip moth population density (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Can. Entomol. 110:917-920. PDF
  • Warren, L. O., F. M. Stephen, and J. F. Young. 1975. Long-term effects of pine tip moth control. p. 26. In 1975 Forestry Study Day, SW Branch Exp. Stn., Univ. of Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Spec. Rep. 23. 28 pp. PDF
  • Warren, L. O., F. M. Stephen, and J. F. Young. 1975. Control of pine tip moth as influenced by spacing, competitive vegetation, insect control and pine species. pp. 23-25 Ibid. PDF

Pales weevil
  • Salom, S. M., L. C. Thompson, and F. M. Stephen. 1987. Development rates and temperature dependent-modeling of Hylobius pales (Herbst), development. Environ. Entomol. 16:956-962. PDF
  • Salom, S. M., L. C. Thompson and F. M. Stephen. 1986. Development of Hylobius pales (Herbst) immatures in two types of phloem media. J. Entomol. Sci. 21(1):43-51. PDF

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Periodical Cicada

 
  • Williams, K. S., K. G. Smith and F. M. Stephen. 1993. Emergence of 13-year periodical cicadas (Cicadidae: Magicicada): phenology, mortality, and predator satiation. Ecology 74:1143-1152. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., G. W. Wallis and K. G. Smith. 1990. Bird predation on periodical cicadas in Ozark forests: ecological release for other canopy arthropods? Studies in Avian Biology 13. PDF
  • Wallis, G. W., F. M. Stephen, and K. G. Smith. 1990. Interactions among Ozark forest birds, canopy arthropods and periodical cicadas. Ark. Farm Res. 39(2):3.
  • Steward, V. B., K. G. Smith and F. M. Stephen. 1988. Red-winged blackbird predation on periodical cicadas (Cicadidae: Magicicada spp.): bird predation and cicada responses. Oecologia 76:348-352. PDF

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Gypsy Moth

 

 

 

 
  • Lih, M. P., F. M. Stephen, K. G. Smith, L. R. Nagy, G. W. Wallis and L. C. Thompson. 1998. Multi-year effects on nontarget Lepidoptera and avian communities in the Arkansas Ozarks of wide-spread spraying of Bacillus thuringiensis for eradication of gypsy moth, pp. 126-132. In D. J. Hilburn, K. J. R. Johnson and A. D. Mudge [eds.], Proceedings of the 1997 annual gyspy moth review, Charleston, WV, Nov 3 - 7. National Gypsy Moth Management Board, Charleston, WV. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M., M. P. Lih, G. W. Wallis, K. G. Smith and L. R. Nagy. 1998. Effects of a gypsy moth eradication project on nontarget arthropod and avian communities in the Ozark mountains of Arkansas (USA). Actas Congreso Internacional De Plagas Forestales 18-21 de Agosto de 1997. Pucon, IX Region, Chile. CONAF. pp 97-102. PDF
  • Stephen, F. M. 1996. Non-target effects of suppression projects. p 142. in. R. F. Billings, and T. E. Nebeker, tech eds. Proceedings North American Forest Insect Work Conference. Texas For. Serv. Publ 160. 228 p.
  • Lih, M. P., F. M. Stephen and K. G. Smith. 1996. Impact of Bt. on canopy Lepidoptera and their neo-tropical migrant bird predators. in. R. F. Billings, and T. E. Nebeker, [tech eds]. Proceedings North American Forest Insect Work Conference. Texas For. Serv. Publ 160. 228 p. PDF
  • Lih, M. P., F. M. Stephen, K. G. Smith, L. R. Nagy, G. W. Wallis, and L. C. Thompson. 1995. Effects of a gypsy moth eradication program on nontarget forest canopy insects and their bird predators. Proc. Annual Gypsy Moth Review, Portland, OR, Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1994. PDF

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Miscellaneous

 

 

 

 
  • Grégoire, J. C., A. M. Liebhold, F. M. Stephen, K. R. Day, and S. M. Salom, [editors]. 1997. Proceedings: Integrating cultural tactics into the management of bark beetle and reforestation pests. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report NE-236. 243 p. 
  • Stephen, F. M., G. W. Wallis and M. P. Lih. 1990. Biological control of forest insects. Ark. Farm Res. 39(3):14. PDF
  • Thompson, L. C., L. O. Warren, F. M. Stephen, W. C. Yearian, S. Y. Young, P. J. McLeod, and G. W. Wallis. 1988. Forestry research: insects. Ark. Farm Res. Nov-Dec. PDF
  • Steward, V. B., K. G. Smith and F. M. Stephen. 1988. Predation by wasps on lepidopteran larvae in an Ozark forest canopy. Ecol. Entomol. 13:81-86. PDF
  • Tugwell, N. P., and F. M. Stephen. 1981. Rice water weevil seasonal abundance, economic levels, and sequential sampling plans. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 849. 17 pp.
  • Stephen, F. M. 1980. Forest insect survey and control. J. Forestry 78:568 (invitational book review).
  • Stephen, F. M. 1973. Ceratosmicra campoplegicis Burks (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) a hyperparasite of Perilitus coccinellae (Shrank) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Pan-Pacific Entomol. 47:395.

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