Note: I offer these notes here so my students can come to class and pay attention to what I am saying instead of spending so much of their time scribbling down what I put up on the overhead. So, if you are a student in one of Lee's Philosophy classes, feel free to use these notes. But don't use the availability of these notes as an excuse not to come to class. Thank you.

These notes remain the intellectual property of Richard Lee and are not to be further disseminated without his permission.

-- Argument --

• What Philosophy Is
• Concepts and Beliefs
• Fundamental Concepts and Beliefs
• Major Branches of Philosophy
• Sample Philosophical Questions
• The Greatest Greek Philosophers
• Charges Against Socrates
• Socratic Wisdom
• Interpretations of the Oracle
• Socratic Method
• Other Topics in the Apology
• Important Terms in Argumentation
• Conditional Statements
• Conditional Statements in Other Words
• An Argument: Socrates and Divine Beings
• Argument Form
• Validity
• Some Valid Argument Forms
• More Valid Argument Forms
• Steps in Formulating an Argument
• Corrupting the Youth: Socrates' Defense
• Corrupting the Youth: Initial Analysis
• God Exists: Some Arguments
• Reductio ad Absurdum
• A Quick Reductio
• First Cause Argument
• Contingency
• Argument from Contingency
• Quantifier Shift Fallacy
• Criticizing an Argument vs. Criticizing a Conclusion
• Aquinas's Third Way (a more detailed version)
• Contingency Argument: Holistic version
• Argument by Analogy
• Hume's Dialogues
• Means and Ends
• The Teleological Argument
• Initial Objections to Cleanthes' Argument
• Weak Analogy
• What Cannot Be Established by Cleanthes' Argument
• The Problem of Evil: Preliminaries
• Evil: Two Problems
• A Formulation of the Problem of Evil
• The Problem of Evil: Flow of the Argument
• B. C. Johnson's Arguments
• Excuses for God Allowing There to be Evil
• Theodicy
• Replies to the Free Will Theodicy
• Johnson's Trilemma
• False Beliefs
• Belief Dependence
• Descartes' Project
• Examples of Beliefs Based on the Senses
• Doubting Beliefs Based on the Senses
• A General Reason for Doubt
• Descartes' Joke
• Archimedian Point
• Descartes' Cogito
• What I Am
• What Descartes Knows
• Descartes' Wax Example
• Lessons Learned from Descartes' Wax Example
• The Remainder of Descartes' Project
• Impressions and Ideas
• The Bounds of Thought
• Hume's Thesis
• Hume's Ideas [not an overhead, an argument analysis in hypertext]
• Objects of Inquiry
• Matters of Fact
• Relations of Ideas
• Hume's Question
• Evidence of Matters of Fact
• Evidence and Causality
• Evidence: Case 1
• Evidence: Case 2
• Evidence: Case 3
• How Causes are Known
• Hume's Three Questions
• Hume's Negative Answer
• Causal Inference
• The Mind-Body Problem
• Some Possible Answers
• Reductive Materialism
• Intertheoretic Reduction
• Four Reasons for Thinking there can be a Reduction
• The Argument from Introspection
• Semantic Properties
• Leibniz's Law
• Leibniz's Law in Arguments
• Another Argument from Introspection
• Intensional Fallacy
• Strong AI
• "Formal"
• Chinese Room
• Conclusions from the Chinese Room
• Why Computer Programs Cannot be Minds
• Intentionality
• Can Computers Think?
• The Systems Reply
• The Robot Reply
• Three Points
• Crazy Realizations
• Simulation vs. Duplication
• What Can Think: Searle's Answer
• Freedom: Some Initial Definitions
• Freedom: The Problem
• The Same Argument as a Hypothetical Syllogism
• Freedom: Positions
• Freedom: A Chart of Positions
• Incompatible Propositions
• Definitions of Freedom: Incompatibilist
• Definitions of Freedom: Compatibilist
• Definitions of Freedom: Internal Cause