GERUNDIA

 GERUNDS are VERBAL NOUNS (2nd declension) which occur only in singular, neuter forms (no nominative).

 EXAMPLE GERUND DECLENSION: from [amo, amare]
   (N) singularis  pluralis
 Nominativus

 /

 /

 Accusativus  ama-nd-um

 /

 Genetivus  ama-nd-i

 /

 Dativus  ama-nd-o

 /

 Ablativus  ama-nd-o

 /

 GERUND: VERBAL NOUN

present verb stem + [-nd-] + [-um, -i, -o, -o] (2nd declension, neuter, singular):
   1st conjugation  2nd conjugation  3rd conjugation  4th conjugation
  Nominativus

 /

 /

 /

 /

 Accusativus  ama-nd-um  habe-nd-um  leg-e-nd-um  audi-e-nd-um
 Genetivus   ama-nd-i  habe-nd-i  leg-e-nd-i  audi-e-nd-i
 Dativus  ama-nd-o  habe-nd-o  leg-e-nd-o  audi-e-nd-o
 Ablativus  ama-nd-o  habe-nd-o leg-e-nd-o  audi-e-nd-o

NOTA BENE:

  • As an ACTIVE verbal form, GERUNDS can take objects and can be modified by adverbs. Translate them as "X-ing."

  • The INFINITIVE is used in Latin where a nominative verbal noun is required, or where the verbal noun is to function as an accusative direct object. When an accusative object of a preposition is required, the gerund is used rather than the infinitive.

  • The forms of the gerund derived from DEPONENT verbs are equivalent to those listed above.

 Exempla:

ACCUSATIVUS:

  • Marcus ad [mentiendum] paratus est. Marcus is prepared for [lying.]
  • Marcus ad [pulsandum] Sextum paratus est. Marcus is prepared for [beating] Sextus. (Sextus is the object of "pulsandum" which is itself the object of the preposition "ad")

GENETIVUS:

  • Marcus amorem [discendi] non habet. Marcus does not have the love [of learning].
  • Avis magnum amorem [volandi] habet. The bird has a great love [of flying.]
  • Puer gratia [legendi] librum summit. The boy picks up the book for the purpose [of reading.]

DATIVUS:

  • Leges regulae recte [agendo] dantur. Laws are given as a measure for [doing] rightly.

ABLATIVUS:

  • Marcus totum diem in [dormiendo] perdit. Marcus wastes the whole day in [sleeping].
  • Marcus [dicendo] falsa mater suam fallit. Marcus decieves his mother [by means of saying] false things.

Liber Grammaticus Latinus /\\||\\/ Classis Latina MIII Pagina Villae