TEMPUS PLUSQUAMPERFECTUM: Pluperfect Tense
ACTIVE: (indicative, subjunctive)
DEPONENT: (indicative, subjunctive)
PASSIVE: (indicative, subjunctive)
CONJUGATION of the PLUPERFECT TENSE:
- The perfect tense is formed in two distinct methods dependant on VOICE.
ACTIVE VOICE:
- The pluperfect active INDICATIVE is formed by the ADDITION of the imperfect
of [esse] to the PERFECT STEM.
- The pluperfect active SUBJUNCTIVE is formed by the ADDITION of the
present personal endings to the PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE.
PASSIVE VOICE:
- All forms of the pluperfect passive are COMPOUND (composed of two seperate
words): the perfect passive participle and an IMPERFECT form of [esse].
- Since the perfect passive participle in the compound form always modifies
the SUBJECT, it must always be NOMINATIVE. Its number and gender will vary
in order to match the noun which it modifies.
|
PLUPERFECT ACTIVE:
EXAMPLE TRANSLATION:
| Persona/Numerus |
Singularis |
Pluralis |
| 1st Persona |
amav-eram
I had loved |
amav-eramus
We had loved |
| 2nd Persona |
amav-eras
You (sing.) had loved |
amav-eratis
You (pl.) had loved |
| 3rd Persona |
amav-erat
He, she, it had loved |
amav-erant
They had loved |
|
PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE:
(perfect stem + imperfect of [esse])
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
amav-eram |
habu-eram |
leg-eram |
audiv-eram |
|
fu-eram |
| 2nd singularis |
amav-eras |
habu-eras |
leg-eras |
audiv-eras |
|
fu-eras |
| 3rd singularis |
amav-erat |
habu-erat |
leg-erat |
audiv-erat |
|
fu-erat |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st pluralis |
amav-eramus |
habu-eramus |
leg-eramus |
audiv-eramus |
|
fu-eramus |
| 2nd pluralis |
amav-eratis |
habu-eratis |
leg-eratis |
audiv-eratis |
|
fu-eratis |
| 3rd pluralis |
amav-erant |
habu-erant |
leg-erant |
audiv-erant |
|
fu-erant |
|
PLUPERFECT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE:
(perfect active infinitive + present personal endings)
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
amavisse-m |
habuisse-m |
legisse-m |
audivisse-m |
|
fuisse-m |
| 2nd singularis |
amavisse-s |
habuisse-s |
legisse-s |
audivisse-s |
|
fuisse-s |
| 3rd singularis |
amavisse-t |
habuisse-t |
legisse-t |
audivisse-t |
|
fuisse-t |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st pluralis |
amavisse-mus |
habuisse-mus |
legisse-mus |
audivisse-mus |
|
fuisse-mus |
| 2nd pluralis |
amavisse-tis |
habuisse-tis |
legisse-tis |
audivisse-tis |
|
fuisse-tis |
| 3rd pluralis |
amavisse-nt |
habuisse-nt |
legisse-nt |
audivisse-nt |
|
fuisse-nt |
|
PLUPERFECT
DEPONENT:
EXAMPLE TRANSLATION:
| Persona/Numerus |
Singularis |
Pluralis |
| 1st Persona |
hortat-us eram
I had exhorted |
hortat-i eramus
We had exhorted |
| 2nd Persona |
hortat-us eras
You (sing.) had exhorted |
hortat-i eratis
You (pl.) had exhorted |
| 3rd Persona |
hortat-us erat
He, she, it had exhorted |
hortat-i erant
They had exhorted |
|
PLUPERFECT DEPONENT INDICATIVE:
(perfect deponent participle & indicative imperfect of [esse])
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
hortat-us eram |
pollicit-us eram |
locut-us eram |
mentit-us eram |
|
/ |
| 2nd singularis |
hortat-us eras |
pollicit-us eras |
locut-us eras |
mentit-us eras |
|
/ |
| 3rd singularis |
hortat-us erat |
pollicit-us erat |
locut-us erat |
mentit-us erat |
|
/ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st pluralis |
hortat-i eramus |
pollicit-i eramus |
locut-i eramus |
mentit-i eramus |
|
/ |
| 2nd pluralis |
hortat-i eratis |
pollicit-i eratis |
locut-i eratis |
mentit-i eratis |
|
/ |
| 3rd pluralis |
hortat-i erant |
pollicit-i erant |
locut-i erant |
mentit-i erant |
|
/ |
|
PLUPERFECT DEPONENT SUBJUNCTIVE:
(perfect deponent participle & subjunctive imperfect of [esse])
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
hortat-us essem |
pollicit-us essem |
locut-us essem |
mentit-us essem |
|
/ |
| 2nd singularis |
hortat-us esses |
pollicit-us esses |
locut-us esses |
mentit-us esses |
|
/ |
| 3rd singularis |
hortat-us esset |
pollicit-us esset |
locut-us esset |
mentit-us esset |
|
/ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
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| 1st pluralis |
hortat-i essemus |
pollicit-i essemus |
locut-i essemus |
mentit-i essemus |
|
/ |
| 2nd pluralis |
hortat-i essetis |
pollicit-i essetis |
locut-i essetis |
mentit-i essetis |
|
/ |
| 3rd pluralis |
hortat-i essent |
pollicit-i essent |
locut-i essent |
mentit-i essent |
|
/ |
|
PLUPERFECT PASSIVE:
EXAMPLE TRANSLATION:
| Persona/Numerus |
Singularis |
Pluralis |
| 1st Persona |
amat-us eram
I had been loved |
amat-i eramus
We had been loved |
| 2nd Persona |
amat-us eras
You (sing.) had been loved |
amat-i eratis
You (pl.) had been loved |
| 3rd Persona |
amat-us erat
He, she, it had been loved |
amat-i erant
They had been loved |
|
PLUPERFECT PASSIVE INDICATIVE:
(perfect passive participle & indicative imperfect of [esse])
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
amat-us eram |
habit-us eram |
lect-us eram |
audit-us eram |
|
/ |
| 2nd singularis |
amat-us eras |
habit-us eras |
lect-us eras |
audit-us eras |
|
/ |
| 3rd singularis |
amat-us erat |
habit-us erat |
lect-us erat |
audit-us erat |
|
/ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st pluralis |
amat-i eramus |
habit-i eramus |
lect-i eramus |
audit-i eramus |
|
/ |
| 2nd pluralis |
amat-i eratis |
habit-i eratis |
lect-i eratis |
audit-i eratis |
|
/ |
| 3rd pluralis |
amat-i erant |
habit-i erant |
lect-i erant |
audit-i erant |
|
/ |
|
PLUPERFECT PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE:
(perfect passive participle & subjunctive imperfect of [esse])
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
amat-us essem |
habit-us essem |
lect-us essem |
audit-us essem |
|
/ |
| 2nd singularis |
amat-us esses |
habit-us esses |
lect-us esses |
audit-us esses |
|
/ |
| 3rd singularis |
amat-us esset |
habit-us esset |
lect-us esset |
audit-us esset |
|
/ |
| |
|
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| 1st pluralis |
amat-i essemus |
habit-i essemus |
lect-i essemus |
audit-i essemus |
|
/ |
| 2nd pluralis |
amat-i essetis |
habit-i essetis |
lect-i essetis |
audit-i essetis |
|
/ |
| 3rd pluralis |
amat-i essent |
habit-i essent |
lect-i essent |
audit-i essent |
|
/ |
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FUTURE-PERFECT
// PLUPERFECT // PERFECT // IMPERFECT
// PRESENT // FUTURE