TEMPUS PRAESENS: Present Tense
ACTIVE: (indicative, subjunctive, imperative)
DEPONENT: (indicative, subjunctive, imperative)
PASSIVE: (indicative, subjunctive)
CONJUGATION of the PRESENT TENSE:
- The present tense is formed by the addition of the personal endings
to the present verb stem.
|
PRESENT ACTIVE:
EXAMPLE TRANSLATION:
| Persona/Numerus |
Singularis |
Pluralis |
| 1st Persona |
amo
I love |
ama-mus
We love |
| 2nd Persona |
ama-s
You (sing.) love |
ama-tis
You (pl.) love |
| 3rd Persona |
ama-t
He, she, it loves |
ama-nt
They love |
|
PRESENT ACTIVE INDICATIVE:
(present stem + present active personal endings)
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
am-o |
habe-o |
leg-o |
audi-o |
|
su-m |
| 2nd singularis |
ama-s |
habe-s |
leg-i-s |
audi-s |
|
e-s |
| 3rd singularis |
ama-t |
habe-t |
leg-i-t |
audi-t |
|
es-t |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st pluralis |
ama-mus |
habe-mus |
leg-i-mus |
audi-mus |
|
su-mus |
| 2nd pluralis |
ama-tis |
habe-tis |
leg-i-tis |
audi-tis |
|
es-tis |
| 3rd pluralis |
ama-nt |
habe-nt |
leg-u-nt |
audi-u-nt |
|
su-nt |
|
PRESENT ACTIVE SUBJUNCTIVE:
(modified present stem + present active personal endings)
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
ame-m |
habe-a-m |
leg-a-m |
audi-a-m |
|
si-m |
| 2nd singularis |
ame-s |
habe-a-s |
leg-a-s |
audi-a-s |
|
si-s |
| 3rd singularis |
ame-t |
habe-a-t |
leg-a-t |
audi-a-t |
|
si-t |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st pluralis |
ame-mus |
habe-a-mus |
leg-a-mus |
audi-a-mus |
|
si-mus |
| 2nd pluralis |
ame-tis |
habe-a-tis |
leg-a-tis |
audi-a-tis |
|
si-tis |
| 3rd pluralis |
ame-nt |
habe-a-nt |
leg-a-nt |
audi-a-nt |
|
si-nt |
NOTA BENE:
- The form of the 1st person, singular, present, subjunctive
for the 3rd and 4th conjugations is equivalent to that of the 1st person,
singular, future, indicative.
- The translation of the subjunctive is dependant on the CONTEXT.
|
PRESENT ACTIVE IMPERATIVE:
(present stem; present stem + present imperative ending)
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2nd singularis |
ama |
habe |
leg-e |
audi |
|
es |
| 3rd singularis |
|
|
|
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| |
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| 1st pluralis |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2nd pluralis |
ama-te |
habe-te |
leg-i-te |
audi-te |
|
es-te |
| 3rd pluralis |
|
|
|
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NOTA BENE:
- The following five verbs have irregular imperatives:
| Infinitive form |
facere |
ducere |
dicere |
ire |
ferre |
| Singularis |
fac |
duc |
dic |
i |
fer |
| Pluralis |
faci-te |
duci-te |
dici-te |
i-te |
fer-te |
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PRESENT DEPONENT:
EXAMPLE TRANSLATION:
| Persona/Numerus |
Singularis |
Pluralis |
| 1st Persona |
hort-o-r
I exhort |
horta-mur
We exhort |
| 2nd Persona |
horta-ris (-re)
You (sing.) exhort |
horta-mini
You (pl.) exhort |
| 3rd Persona |
horta-tur
He, she, it exhorts |
horta-ntur
They exhort |
|
PRESENT DEPONENT INDICATIVE:
(present stem + present passive personal endings)
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
| 1st singularis |
hort-o-r |
pollice-o-r |
loqu-o-r |
menti-o-r |
| 2nd singularis |
horta-ris (-re) |
pollice-ris (-re) |
loqu-e-ris (-re) |
menti-ris (-re) |
| 3rd singularis |
horta-tur |
pollice-tur |
loqu-i-tur |
menti-tur |
| |
|
|
|
|
| 1st pluralis |
horta-mur |
pollice-mur |
loqu-i-mur |
menti-mur |
| 2nd pluralis |
horta-mini |
pollice-mini |
loqu-i-mini |
menti-mini |
| 3rd pluralis |
horta-ntur |
pollice-ntur |
loqu-u-ntur |
menti-u-ntur |
|
PRESENT DEPONENT SUBJUNCTIVE:
(modified present stem + present passive personal endings)
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
| 1st singularis |
horte-r |
pollice-a-r |
loqu-a-r |
menti-a-r |
| 2nd singularis |
horte-ris (-re) |
pollice-a-ris (-re) |
loqu-a-ris (-re) |
menti-a-ris (-re) |
| 3rd singularis |
horte-tur |
pollice-a-tur |
loqu-a-tur |
menti-a-tur |
| |
|
|
|
|
| 1st pluralis |
horte-mur |
pollice-a-mur |
loqu-a-mur |
menti-a-mur |
| 2nd pluralis |
horte-mini |
pollice-a-mini |
loqu-a-mini |
menti-a-mini |
| 3rd pluralis |
horte-ntur |
pollice-a-ntur |
loqu-a-ntur |
menti-a-ntur |
NOTA BENE:
- The form of the 1st person, singular, present, subjunctive
for the 3rd and 4th conjugations is equivalent to that of the 1st person,
singular, future, indicative.
- The translation of the subjunctive is dependant on the CONTEXT.
|
PRESENT DEPONENT IMPERATIVE:
(present stem + present deponent imperative endings)
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
| 1st singularis |
|
|
|
|
| 2nd singularis |
horta-re |
pollice-re |
loqu-e-re |
menti-re |
| 3rd singularis |
|
|
|
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| |
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| 1st pluralis |
|
|
|
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| 2nd pluralis |
horta-mini |
pollice-mini |
loqu-i-mini |
menti-mini |
| 3rd pluralis |
|
|
|
|
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PRESENT PASSIVE:
EXAMPLE TRANSLATION:
| Persona/Numerus |
Singularis |
Pluralis |
| 1st Persona |
am-o-r
I am loved |
ama-mur
We are loved |
| 2nd Persona |
ama-ris (-re)
You (sing.) are loved |
ama-mini
You (pl.) are loved |
| 3rd Persona |
ama-tur
He, she, it is loved |
ama-ntur
They are loved |
|
PRESENT PASSIVE INDICATIVE:
(present stem + present passive personal endings)
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
am-o-r |
habe-o-r |
leg-o-r |
audi-o-r |
|
/ |
| 2nd singularis |
ama-ris (-re) |
habe-ris (-re) |
leg-e-ris (-re) |
audi-ris (-re) |
|
/ |
| 3rd singularis |
ama-tur |
habe-tur |
leg-i-tur |
audi-tur |
|
/ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st pluralis |
ama-mur |
habe-mur |
leg-i-mur |
audi-mur |
|
/ |
| 2nd pluralis |
ama-mini |
habe-mini |
leg-i-mini |
audi-mini |
|
/ |
| 3rd pluralis |
ama-ntur |
habe-ntur |
leg-u-ntur |
audi-u-ntur |
|
/ |
|
PRESENT PASSIVE SUBJUNCTIVE:
(modified present stem + present passive personal endings)
| |
1st coniugatio |
2nd coniugatio |
3rd coniugatio |
4th coniugatio |
|
esse |
| 1st singularis |
ame-r |
habe-a-r |
leg-a-r |
audi-a-r |
|
/ |
| 2nd singularis |
ame-ris (-re) |
habe-a-ris (-re) |
leg-a-ris (-re) |
audi-a-ris (-re) |
|
/ |
| 3rd singularis |
ame-tur |
habe-a-tur |
leg-a-tur |
audi-a-tur |
|
/ |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1st pluralis |
ame-mur |
habe-a-mur |
leg-a-mur |
audi-a-mur |
|
/ |
| 2nd pluralis |
ame-mini |
habe-a-mini |
leg-a-mini |
audi-a-mini |
|
/ |
| 3rd pluralis |
ame-ntur |
habe-a-ntur |
leg-a-ntur |
audi-a-ntur |
|
/ |
NOTA BENE:
- The form of the 1st person, singular, present, subjunctive
for the 3rd and 4th conjugations is equivalent to that of the 1st person,
singular, future, indicative.
- The translation of the subjunctive is dependant on the CONTEXT.
|
FUTURE-PERFECT
// PLUPERFECT // PERFECT
// IMPERFECT // PRESENT // FUTURE