First Year Graduate Student: Foundational Readings

These readings represents a foundation of knowledge for graduate students in Lampinen's False Memory Lab at the University of Arkansas. The articles provide a framework for understanding the type of research issues we address in this lab, and for developing a deeper understanding of the issues we discuss in reading group, and so on. There are 31 articles altogether, so a study schedule of one article per week during the first year should allow you to accomplish this. These are suggested readings, not required readings, but I promise you, you will learn a great deal by reading these!

Misinformation Studies

(1) Loftus, E.F. (1979). The malleability of human memory: Information introduced after we view an incident can transform memory. American Scientist, 67, 312-320.

(2) McCloskey, M. & Zaragoza, M. (1985). Misleading postevent information and memory for events: Arguments and evidence against memory impairment hypotheses. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 114, 1-16.

(3) Lindsay, D.S. (1990). Misleading suggestions can impair eyewitnesses' ability to recall event details. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 16, 1077-1083.

(4) Zaragoza, M.S. & Lane, S. (1994). Source misattributions and the suggestibility of eyewitness memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 20, 934-945.

Child Witnesses

(5) Ceci, S.J., Ross, D.F., & Toglia, M.P. (1987). Suggestibility in children's memory: Psycholegal implications. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 116, 38-49.

(6) Leichtman, M. D. and Ceci, S. J. (1995). The effects of stereotypes and suggestions on preschoolers' reports. Developmental Psychology, 31, 568-578.

Eyewitness Identification

(7) Wells, G.L. (1993). What do we know about eyewitness identifications? American Psychologist, 48, 553-571.

(8) Wells, G.L., Small, M., Penrod, S., Malpass, R.S., Fulero, S.M. & Brimacombe, C.A.E. (1998). Eyewitness identification procedures: Recommendations for lineups and photospreads. Law and Human Behavior, 22, 603-647.

Imagination and Implantation Studies

(9) Johnson, M.K., Raye, C.L., Wang, A.Y. & Taylor, T.T. (1979). Fact and fantasy: The roles of accuracy and variability in confusing imaginations with perceptual experiences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 5, 229-240.

(10) Loftus, E.F. & Pickrell, J.E. (1995). The formation of false memories. Psychiatric Annals, 25, 720-725.

(11) Hyman, I.E., Husband, T.F., & Billings, J.F. (1995). False memories of childhood experiences. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 9, 181-197.

(12) Garry, M., Manning, C.G., Loftus, E.F. & Sherman, S.J. (1996). Imagination inflation: Imagining a childhood event inflates confidence that it occurred. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 3, 208-214.

(13) Goff, L.M. & Roediger, H.L. (1998). Imagination inflation for action events: Repeated imaginings lead to illusory recollections. Memory & Cognition, 26, 20-33.

Schemas and Scripts

(14) Bower, G.H., Black, J.B., & Turner, T.J. (1979). Scripts in memory for text. Cognitive Psychology, 11, 177-220.

(15) Dooling, D.J. & Christiaansen, R.E. (1977). Episodic and semantic aspects of memory for prose. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, 428-436.

(16) Graesser, A.C., Woll, S.B., Kowalski, D.J., & Smith, D.A. (1980). Memory for typical and atypical actions in scripted activities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 503-515.

(17) Pezdek, Whetstone, Reynolds, Askari, & Dougherty, (1989). Memory for real world scenes: The role of consistency with schema expectation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 15, 587-595.

DRM Paradigm

(18) Roediger, H. L. and McDermott, K B. (1995). Creating false memories: Remembering words not presented in lists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 21, 803-814.

(19) Payne, D. G., Elie, C. J., Blackwell, J. M., and Neuschatz, J. S. (1996). Memory illusions: Recalling, recognizing, and recollecting events that never occurred. Journal of Memory and Language, 35, 261-285.

Theoretical Approaches

(20) Gardiner, J.M. & Java, R.I. (1993). Recognizing and remembering. In A.F. Collins, S.E. Gathercole, M.A. Conway, & P.E. Morris (Eds.), Theories of Memory. Hillsdale NJ: Erlbaum.

(21) Mandler, G. (1980). Recognizing: The judgment of previous occurence. Psychological Review, 87, 252-271.

(22) Jacoby, L.L. & Dallas (1981). On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 3, 306-340.

(23) Jacoby, L.L., Yonelinas, A.P. & Jennings, J.M. (1997). The relation between conscious and unconscious (automatic) influences: A declaration of independence. In J.D. Cohen & J.W. Schooler (Eds). Scientific Approaches to Consciousness. (pp. 13-47). Mahwah NJ: Erlbaum.

(24) Johnson, M.K., Hashtroudi, S. & Lindsay, D.S. (1993). Source monitoring. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 3-28.

(25) Roediger, H.L., Balota, D.A. & Watson, J.M. (2001). Spreading activation and the arousal of false memories. In H.L. Roediger, J.S. Nairne, I. Neath & A.M. Surprenant (Eds.) The Nature of Remembering. (pp. 95-115). Washington D.C.: American Psychological Association.

(26) Brainerd, C.J. & Reyna, V.F. (2001). Fuzzy-trace theory: Dual processes in memory, reasoning, and cognitive neuroscience. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 6, 359-364.

(27) Arndt, J. & Hirshman, E. (1998). True and false recognition in MINERVA2: Explanations from a global matching perspective. Journal of Memory & Language, 39, 371-391.

(28) Schacter, D.L., Norman, K.A. & Koustaal, W. (1998). The cognitive neuroscience of constructive memory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49, 289-318.

Memory Illusions and Consciousness

(29) Schooler, J. W., Gerhard, D. & Loftus, E. F. (1986). Qualities of the unreal. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition, 12, 171-181.

(30) Mather, M., Henkel, L.A. & Johnson, M.K. (1997). Evaluating characteristics of false memories: Remember/know judgments and memory characteristics questionnaire compared. Memory & Cognition, 25, 838-848.

(31) Lampinen, J. M., Neuschatz, J. S., and Payne, D. G. (1998). Memory illusions and consciousness: Examining the phenomenology of true and false memories. Current Psychology, 16, 181-223.

University of Arkansas	Department of Psychology	Graduate Program in Experimental Psychology
Lampinen Lab	False Memory Reading Group	Lampinen Lab Publications