Jurica, P.J., Shimamura, A.P. (1999). Monitoring item and source information: Evidence for a negative generation effect in source memory. Memory and Cognition, 27, 648-656.

• To check the generation effect in relation to the source-monitoring framework.
  

• To test whether these effects supported item-source enhancement or item-source tradeoff.

• 16 udergrads. participated for course credit
• during the study phase participants were either asked a question or given a statement by one of 3 face on a computer. (fig 1)
• for the question the participants were asked to generate a response.
• participants were asked to try to remember the responses and the source.
• in the source recognition phase participants were asked to identify which of the faces presented the item.

• none of the participants identified a new item as a study item

• Fig. 2 shows a item source tradeoff relationship

• Positive generation effect for item recall, negative effect for source recognition

• Same as experiment 1 except the questions were non-personal.

Example. In experiment 1 the participant was asked what is your favorite sport, while in experiment 2 they would be asked what is a popular sport

• Similar to experiment 1 (fig. 3)

• Same as previous two experiments, except the questions and statements were of a general nature.

• Replicates the other two

• Episodic memory is not unified

• Focusing on the source of information may lead to more forgetting of the information itself.
• The more personally relevant the information is the better the memory.