CROP, SOIL, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (CSES)

J. L. Barrentine , Head of the Department , 115 Plant Sciences Building , 575-2354

* Distinguished Professor Oosterhuis * Distinguished Professors Emeriti Caviness, Frans, Waddle * University Professors Oliver, Scott, Talbert, Wolf * University Professor Emeritus Lavy * Professors Bacon, Barrentine, Beyrouty, Bourland, Daniel, Gbur, Keisling, Moldenhauer, Norman, Phillips, Rutledge, Scifres, Stewart, West * Professors Emeriti Gilmour, Hinkle, Thompson * Visiting Professor Gealy * Adjunct Professors Dilday, Johnston, Rutger * Associate Professors Counce, Longer, Mauromoustakos, McConnell, Miller, Muir, Purcell, Sneller * Visiting Associate Professor Moore * Research Associate Professor Davis * Assistant Professor Burgos * Adjunct Assistant Professors Aiken, Sauer * Research Assistant Professors Anders, Baker, Gibbons, Mattice, Widick, Wilson

Courses in the department of crop, soil, and environmental sciences provide fundamental and applied studies in two majors: crop management (CPMG) and environmental, soil, and water science (ESWS). Areas studied in the crop management major include plant breeding and genetics, crop physiology, crop production and management, weed science, seed production technology, and soil fertility. Areas studied within the environmental, soil, and water science major include pesticide residues, soil chemistry, soil genesis and classification, soil microbiology, soil physics, environmental science and water science. Supporting education in the biological and physical sciences provides the basis for courses in crop management and environmental, soil, and water sciences.

Employment opportunities and post-graduate studies are numerous for the graduate in crop management or environmental, soil, and water science. Crop management graduates find employment in public agencies, which provide support services for agriculture (e.g., Extension Service, State Plant Board, Natural Resources Conservation Service), as consultants serving production agriculture, in the fertilizer and lime industries, and in agricultural research programs. Environmental, soil, and water science graduates find jobs with the state and federal government (e.g., Environ-mental Protection Agency, Department of Pollution Control and Ecology, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and health departments), cities (water and wastewater facilities), and a wide variety of private consulting firms. Many graduates continue on to graduate school in a variety of disciplines.

Requirements for a B.S.A. degree with a major in crop management (See page 39 for University Core and page 61 for B.S.A, requirements)

35 hours of University Core requirements to include

CHEM 1103/1101L and
CHEM 1123/1121L

AGEC 1103

University Advanced Composition Requirement: ENGL 2003. If exempt, ENGL 3053 required.

College Requirements - COMM 1313 and Communication Elective AGRN 3023

Electives: 24 hours

Departmental Requirements: 54 hours

AGRN/ENSC 1012 - Orientation to CSES

BAST 2903 or CSCI 1003 - Applications of Microcomputers or Intro to Computer Concepts

BOTY 1613/1611L - Plant Biology/Lab

BOTY 4304 - Plant Physiology

CHEM 2613/2611L - Organic Physiological Chemistry/Lab

ANSC 1003 - Intro Animal and Poultry Science

ENTO 3013 - Intro to Entomology

PLPA 3004 - Principles of Plant Pathology

And 21 hours of the following:

AGRN 2103/2101L - Crop Science/Lab

AGRN 2203/2201L - Soil Science/Lab

AGRN4013 - Advanced Crop Science

AGRN4133 - Weed ID, Morphology and Ecology

AGRN 4143 - Principles of Weed Control

AGRN4224 - Soil Fertility

And select 8 hours from the courses listed below (at least 2 courses from Group A)

Group A:

AGRN 3113 - Forage Management

AGRN 3312 - Cotton Production

AGRN 3322 - Soybean Production

AGRN 3332 - Rice Production

AGRN 3342 - Cereal Grain Production

AGRN 462V - Internship (1-6 hours)

AGRN 400V - (Special Problems)(1 hour)

HORT 2303 - Introduction to Turfgrass Management

Group B:

AGRN 3214 - Intermediate Soil Science

AGRN 4103 - Plant Breeding

AGRN 4234 - Plant Anatomy

AGRN 4253 - Soil Classification and Genesis

AGRN 355V Judging Team Activity (1-2 hrs)

AGRN 400V Special Problems (1-6 hrs)

Requirements for a B.S.A. degree with a major in environmental, soil, and water science (See page 39 for University Core and page 61 for B.S.A. requirements)

35 hours of University Core requirements to include:

CHEM 1103/1101L and
CHEM 1123/1121L

University Advanced Composition Requirement:

ENGL 2003 - exemption possible

College Requirements - Comm 1313 and 3 hours communication elective selected from

AGRN 3023

AGED 3143 or a course in

ENGL, JOUR, or COMM

Electives: 28-31 hours

Departmental Requirements: 55-56 hours

AGRN/ENSC 1012 - Orientation to CSES

AGRN 2013 - Pest Management

MATH 2043 - Survey of Calculus

BOTY 1613/1611L or AGRN 1203- Plant Biology/Lab or Intro Plant Sciences

CHEM 2613/2611L - Organic Physiological Chem/Lab

MBIO 2013/2011L - General Microbiology/Lab

AGST 4023 or STAT 2023 or STAT

2303- Princ of Experimentation or Biostatistics or Princ of Statistics

PHYS 2013/2011L - College Physics I/Lab

Select 9 hours from Environmental Sciences:

ENSC 1003 - Environmental Science (required)

AGEC3413 - Principles of Environmental Economics

AGEC 4413 - Econ of Environmental Management

BAST 3023 - Agricultural Waste Management

BIOL 3863/3861L - General Ecology

BIOL 4503 - Ecosystem Ecology

BIOL 485V - Field Biology

ENSC 3253 - Septic Systems

ENSC 400V - Special Problems

GEOL 1113/1111L - General Geology/Lab

GEOG 3003 - Conservation of Natural Resources

GEOG 4543 - Geographic Information Systems

Select 11 hours from Soil Science:

AGRN 2203/2201L - Soil Science/Lab (required)

AGRN 3214 - Intermediate Soil Science

AGRN 355V - Judging Team Activity (1-2 hours)

AGRN 4224 - Soil Fertility

AGRN 4253 - Soil Classification and Genesis

AGRN 4263 - Environmental Soil Science

Select 9 hours from Water Science:

ENSC 4023 - Water Quality (required)

ENSC 3263 - Environmental Soil and Water Conservation

AGME 4973 - Irrigation

AGME 4983 - Agricultural Meteorology

ENSC 4033 - Water Quality Analysis

GEOL 4033 - Hydrogeology

GEOL 4043 - Water Resource Issues

GEOG 4353 - Elements of Weather

ZOOL 4814 - Limnology

Environmental science courses transferred from Northwest Arkansas Community College, Westark Community College and the University of Arkansas at Little Rock can be used to fulfill selected ESWS requirements. Consult an academic adviser to verify transfer applicability.

Requirements for a minor in crop management (CPMG): 18 semester hours of courses 2000 level or above including: AGRN 2103 and AGRN 2203 and at least two courses from group A for a total of 12 hours. Group A: AGRN 3113, AGRN 3312, AGRN 3322, AGRN 3332, AGRN 3342; Group B: AGRN 2003, AGRN 3214, AGRN 4013, AGRN 4103, AGRN 4133, AGRN 4143, AGRN 4224 and AGRN 4234. A student planning to minor in crop management must notify the department of crop, soil, and environmental sciences and consult an adviser.

Requirements for a minor in environmental, soil, and water science (ESWS): 18 semester hours of courses to be selected from the following three categories

Category 1: Environmental science (6 hours) to include ENSC 1003 and 3 additional hours from AGEC 3413, AGEC 4413, BAST 3023, BIOL 3863/3861L, BIOL 4503, BIOL 485V, ENSC 3253, ENSC 400V, GEOL 1113/1111L, GEOG 3003, GEOG 4543.

Category 2: Soil science (6-7 hours) to include AGRN 2203 and 3-4 additional hours from AGRN 3214, AGRN 4224, AGRN 4253, AGRN/ENSC 4263.

Category 3: Water science (6 hours) to include ENSC 4023 and 3 additional hours from AGME 4973, AGME 4983, ENSC 3263, ENSC 4033, GEOL 4033, GEOL 4043, GEOG 4353, ZOOL 4814.

A student planning to minor in environmental, soil, and water science should notify the department of crop, soil, and water sciences and consult with an academic adviser.

Requirements for a minor in pest management (PMGT): See page 71 for requirements.

See page 78 for crop management (listed as AGRN) and page 81 for environmental soil and water science courses (Listed as ENSC).

COURSES: CROP SOIL EN (AGRN)

AGRN1012 Orientation to Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science (FA) An introduction to majors in Crop Management and Environmental, Soil and Water Sciences with emphasis on issues in these disciplines and on developing academic abilities and communication skills. Required of all departmental majors with less than 24 semester credit hours. Recitation 2 hours per week. (Same as ENSC 1012)

AGRN1203 Introduction to Plant Sciences (FA, SP) An introduction to basics of agricultural crop plant structure, growth, and production. (Same as HORT 1203)

AGRN2003 Introduction to Weed Science (FA) Fundamental, practical concepts of weed control and weed biology; equipment and techniques used in modern weed control practices; and basic recommendations and systems for specific agronomic and horticultural crops. Lecture 2 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. Corequisite: AGRN 2000L. Prerequisite: AGRI 1203 or AGRN 2103 or HORT 2003.

AGRN2000L Introduction to Weed Science Laboratory (FA) Corequisite: AGRN 2003.

AGRN2013 Pest Management (FA, SP) Introduction to basic principles of pest management as they relate to vertebrate animals, insects, plant disease and weeds. Selected pests are studied with emphasis on current management approaches and alternative pest control. (Same as ENTO 2003, PLPA 2013) Prerequisite: ANSC 1003 (or POSC 1003) and AGRN 1203 (or HORT 1203).

AGRN2103 Crop Science (SP) Principles of crop growth, development, and utilization and how these principles relate to production. Emphasis on major agronomic crop species. Lecture 3 hours per week. Prerequisite: AGRN 1203 or HORT 1203.

AGRN2101L Crop Science Laboratory (SP) A series of laboratory experiments designed to reinforce principles of plant growth and development, reproduction, classification, and the utilization of plant products. Emphasis is placed on major crop plant species. Experiments are conducted by individuals or by teams. Laboratory consists of a single, 2-hour period each week. Required for Crop Management majors. Corequisite: AGRN 2103.

AGRN2203 Soil Science (FA, SP) Origin, classification, and physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. Lecture 3 hours, discussion 1 hour per week. (Same as ENSC 2203) Corequisite: AGRN 2200D. Prerequisite: CHEM 1103.

AGRN2200D Soil Science Discussion Drill (FA, SP) Corequisite: AGRN 2203.

AGRN2201L Soil Science Laboratory (SP) Field and laboratory exercises related to the study of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. Laboratory mandatory for all agronomy majors and optional for others. Laboratory 2 hours per week. Pre- or Corequisite: AGRN 2203.

AGRN3023 Agronomy Colloquium (SP) A communication-intensive course covering topics in agronomy and environmental, soil, and water science with particular emphasis on spoken communication but also including written communication, group activities, professionalism, ethics, problem solving, and information retrieval. A student-oriented class with collaborative participation. Colloquium workshop: 3 hours per week.

AGRN3113 Forage Management (FA) Forage crops for pasture, hay, and silage with reference to growth and development, production, nutritional quality, and grazing systems. Lecture 3 hours per week. Prerequisite: AGRN 1203.

AGRN3210D Intermediate Soil Science Discussion Drill (FA) Discussion will be used to enhance student comprehension of basic concepts. Discussion 2 hours per week. Corequisite: AGRN 3214.

AGRN3312 Cotton Production (FA, Even years) Principles and techniques associated with production of cotton. Recitation 2 hours per week. Prerequisite: AGRN 1203.

AGRN3214 Intermediate Soil Science (FA) Integration of the fundamental concepts of the biological, chemical, and physical properties of soil systems and their roles in managing soil resources. Lecture 3 hours, discussion 1 hour per week. Corequisite: AGRN 3210D. Prerequisite: AGRN 2203.

AGRN3322 Soybean Production (SP, Odd years) An overview of the history and utilization of soybean as well as the physiological and environmental basis for the development of economical soybean production practices. Recitation 2 hours per week. Prerequisite: AGRN 1203.

AGRN3332 Rice Production (FA, Odd years) A study of the principles and practices involved in rice culture world wide with major emphasis on the United States. Recitation 2 hours per week. Prerequisite: AGRN 1203.

AGRN3342 Cereal Grain Production (SP, Even years) An overview of the botany, production, cultural practices, soil & climatic adaptation and utilization of the major cereal grain crops. Prerequisite: AGRN 1203.

AGRN355V Judging Team Activity (1-2) (FA) Training for membership of judging teams.

AGRN400V Special Problems (1-6) (FA, SP, SU) Work on special problems in agronomy or related field.

AGRN4013 Advanced Crop Science (SP) Fundamental concepts of crop physiology, crop improvement, seed science, and crop production systems. Recitation 3 hours per week. Prerequisite: AGRN 2103.

AGRN4043 Environmental Impact and Fate of Pesticides (FA) Environmental issues associated with pesticide use, including fate of pesticides in the environment, ecological impact of pesticides, and exposure risks to humans. Course recommended for students who have 12 hours of biological and /or physical sciences or consent. Lecture 3 hours per week. (Same as ENSC 4043)

AGRN4093 Issues in Pest Management (SP) Lecture and discussion on local, regional, national and international issues related to pest management policy, ethics, environment, society and science (not for graduate credit). (Same as ENTO 4093) Prerequisite: must have completed 60 hours of coursework.

AGRN4103 Plant Breeding (FA, Even years) Basic principles involved in plant breeding programs to improve crop plants and seed programs. Lecture 2 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. Corequisite: AGRN 4100L. Prerequisite: ANSC 3123.

AGRN4100L Plant Breeding Laboratory (FA, Even years) Corequisite: AGRN 4103.

AGRN4133 Weed Identification, Morphology, and Ecology (FA) Study of weeds as economic pests occurring in both agricultural and nonagricultural situations and including poisonous plants and other specific weed problems. Gross morphological plant family characteristics which aid identification, habitat of growth and distribution, ecology, competition, and allelopathy are discussed. Lecture 2 hours, laboratory 2 hours a week. Corequisite: AGRN 4130L. Prerequisite: AGRN 2103 (or HORT 2003) and AGRN 2003.

AGRN4130L Weed Identification, Morphology, and Ecology Laboratory (FA) Corequisite: AGRN 4133.

AGRN4143 Principles of Weed Control (SP) Advanced concepts and technology used in modern weed control practices and study of the chemistry and specific activity of herbicides in current usage. Lecture 2 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. Corequisite: AGRN 4140L. Prerequisite: CHEM 2613 and CHEM 2611L and AGRN 2003.

AGRN4140L Principles of Weed Control Laboratory (SP) Corequisite: AGRN 4143.

AGRN4224 Soil Fertility (FA) Study of the soil's chemical, biological and physical properties, and human modification of these properties, as they influence the uptake and utilization of the essential nutrients by plants. Lecture 3 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. Corequisite: AGRN 4220L. Prerequisite: AGRN 2201L and AGRN 2203.

AGRN4220L Soil Fertility Laboratory (FA) Corequisite: AGRN 4224.

AGRN4234 Plant Anatomy (SP) Advanced training in plant anatomy. Studying the structure, terminology, techniques and function associated with vascular plant anatomy. Corequisite: AGRN 4230L. Prerequisite: BOTY 1613/1611 or BIOL 1543/1541.

AGRN4230L Plant Anatomy Lab (SP) Corequisite: AGRN 4234.

AGRN4253 Soil Classification and Genesis (SP) Lecture and field evaluation of soil properties and their relation to soil genesis and soil classification with emphasis on soils of Arkansas. Lecture 2 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. Corequisite: AGRN 4250L. Prerequisite: AGRN 2203.

AGRN4250L Soil Classification and Genesis Laboratory (SP) Corequisite: AGRN 4253.

AGRN4263 Environmental Soil Science (SP) Study of the behavior of pesticides, toxic organic compounds, metals, nutrients, and pathogenic microorganisms in the soil/plant/water continuum. Lecture 3 hours per week. (Same as ENSC 4263) Prerequisite: AGRN 3214.

AGRN462V Internship (1-6) (FA, SP, SU) Supervised practical work experience in agronomy and environmental science to develop and demonstrate professional competence. Faculty approval of project proposal prior to enrollment and written and oral reports after the project is complete are required. May be repeated for 6 hours. Prerequisite: junior standing.

AGRN5001 Weed Science Practicum (SU) Training for membership on weed team, through participation. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

AGRN5013 Crop Physiology (FA, Odd years) Understanding and quantitative measurement of physiological processes, plant responses, and environmental parameters in relation to the production of crops. Prerequisite: BOTY 4304.

AGRN502V Special Problems Research (1-6) (FA, SP, SU) Original investigations on assigned problems in agronomy. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

AGRN5023 Weed Physiology and Herbicide Resistance in Plants (FA, Even years) The reproduction, growth, and development of weeds and the ecological factors affecting these processes; development and mechanisms of herbicide resistance, flow of herbicide-resistance genes; and development of herbicide-resistant crops. Corequisite: AGRN 5020L Prerequisite: AGRN 4143 and (BOTY 4304 or CHEM 5813).

AGRN5020L Weed Physiology and Herbicide Resistance in Plants Lab (FA, Even years) Corequisite: AGRN 5023.

AGRN5033 Plant Nutrition (FA, Even years) Study of water uptake, ion absorption, translocation and metabolism in higher plants. Lecture 3 hours per week. Prerequisite: BOTY 4304 and CHEM 2613 and CHEM 2611L.

AGRN504V Special Topics (1-4) (IR) Topics not covered in other courses or a more intensive study of specific topics in agronomy. May be repeated. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

AGRN5053 Scientific Writing (FA) Open to graduate students, especially those in agricultural and life sciences. The course will cover searching the scientific literature, writing theses, proposals, journal articles, and other scientific documents. Emphasis on style and techniques used in scientific publication. Lecture and workshop 3 hours per week. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

AGRN5103 Scientific Presentations (FA, SP) Experience in procedures required for professional presentations of scientific papers, seminars, posters; and research findings at meetings in conferences, and with discussion groups. Instruction in organization of materials, visual aids, and good speaking habits. Lecture 3 hours per week. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

AGRN5124 Crop Molecular and Physiological Genetics (SP, Even years) Study of genome organization and expression in agronomic and horticultural plants, with emphasis on genes regulating physiological processes. Lecture 3 hours, discussion 1 hour per week. (AGRN 5013 and CHEM 5813 and CHEM 5843 are recommended but not required). (Same as HORT 5124) Corequisite: AGRN 5120D. Prerequisite: BOTY 4304 and ANSC 3123 (or BIOL 3321L and BIOL 3323).

AGRN5120D Crop Molecular and Physiological Genetics Discussion Drill (SP, Even years) Corequisite: AGRN 5124.

AGRN5204 Applied Math Methods in Life Sciences (FA, Odd years) Methods of data presentation and mathematical descriptions of research data in the life sciences including graphical presentations, linear regression, growth equations, kinetics, transport equations, and compartmentalization. Analytical, numerical, and statistical approaches to the solution of research problems in life sciences will be emphasized. Lecture 3 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. (Same as AGST 5204) Corequisite: AGRN 5200L. Prerequisite: MATH 2564 and AGST 4023.

AGRN5200L Applied Math Methods in the Life Sciences Laboratory (FA, Odd years) Laboratory computer experience designed to reinforce material taught in AGRN 5204. Laboratory consists of a single 2-hour period each week. (Same as AGST 5200L) Corequisite: AGRN 5204.

AGRN5214 Analytical Research Techniques in Agronomy (FA) Preparation and analysis of plant and soil samples utilizing spectrophotometry, isotopes, and chromatographic separation methods. Additionally, measurements are made of photosyntheses, respiration, water relationships, light, and temperatures in whole plants. Lecture 2 hours, laboratory 4 hours per week. Corequisite: AGRN 5210L. Prerequisite: BOTY 4304 and CHEM 2613 and CHEM 2611L.

AGRN5210L Analytical Research Techniques in Agronomy Laboratory (FA) Laboratory experiments designed to reinforce principles of research techniques taught in AGRN 5214. Experiments are conducted by individuals or by teams. Laboratory consists of a single 4-hour period each week. Corequisite: AGRN 5214.

AGRN5224 Soil Physics (SP) Physical properties of soils and their relation to other soil properties, growth of plants and transport of water, oxygen, heat, and solutes such as pesticides and plant nutrients. Lecture 3 hours, laboratory 3 hours per week. Corequisite: AGRN 5220L. Prerequisite: AGRN 2203 and MATH 1203.

AGRN5220L Soil Physics Laboratory (SP)

AGRN5243 Advanced Soil Fertility (SP, Even years) An advanced consideration of the chemical, physical, and biological phenomena which influence the nutrient-supplying power of the soil. Lecture 3 hours per week. Prerequisite: AGRN 4224.

AGRN5264 Soil Microbiology (FA, Odd years) A study of the microorganisms in soil and the biochemical processes for which they are responsible. Lecture 3 hours, laboratory 3 hours per week. (Same as MBIO 5264) Corequisite: AGRN 5260L. Prerequisite: MBIO 2013 and MBIO 2011L.

AGRN5260L Soil Microbiology Laboratory (FA, Odd years) Laboratory exercises related to the study of microorganisms in the soil and the biochemical processes for which they are responsible. Laboratory 3 hours per week. (Same as MBIO 5260L) Corequisite: AGRN 5264.

AGRN5453 Soil Chemistry (FA, Even years) Application of the principles of chemistry to processes of agronomic and environmental importance in soils. Soil clay mineralogy, soil solution thermodynamics, structure and reactivity of humus, surface complexation and ion exchange, electro-chemical phenomena, and colloidal stability. Prerequisite: AGRN 2203 and CHEM 1123 and CHEM 1121L.

AGRN600V Master's Thesis (1-6) (FA, SP, SU) Prerequisite: graduate standing.

AGRN6113 Herbicide Behavior (FA, Even years) Biochemistry, physiology and behavior of herbicides in plants, soils, and the environment. Lecture 2 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. Corequisite: AGRN 6110L. Prerequisite: AGRN 4143 and BOTY 4304 and CHEM 3813.

AGRN6110L Herbicide Behavior Laboratory (FA, Even years) Corequisite: AGRN 6113.

AGRN622V Advanced Topics in Soil Science (1-3) (FA, SP) Topics include doctoral-level concepts in soil physics, soil chemistry, and soil microbiology/biochemistry not considered in other soil science courses. May be repeated. Prerequisite: graduate standing.

AGRN6253 Forage-Ruminant Relations (SP, Odd years) Advanced chemical, physical, and botanical characteristics of forage plants, the dynamics of grazing, intake and digestion, and techniques of measuring forage utilization and systems analysis at the plant-animal interface. Lecture 3 hours per week. (Same as ANSC 6253) Prerequisite: ANSC 3143 and AGRN 3113.

AGRN700V Doctoral Dissertation (1-18) (FA, SP, SU) Prerequisite: graduate standing.

COURSES: ENVIRMTL SCI (ENSC)

ENSC1003 Environmental Science (SP) Series of lectures and discussions introducing the topic of environmental science including factors related to water, soil, and air quality. May not be taken for natural science credit by students in Fulbright College.

ENSC1012 Orientation to Crop, Soil, and Environmental Science (FA) An introduction to majors in Crop Management and Environmental, Soil and Water Sciences with emphasis on issues in these disciplines and on developing academic abilities and communication skills. Required of all departmental majors with less than 24 semester credit hours. Recitation 2 hours per week. (Same as AGRN 1012)

ENSC2203 Soil Science (FA, SP) Origin, classification and physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. Lecture 3 hours, discussion 1 hour per week. (Same as AGRN 2203) Corequisite: AGRN 2201L and AGRN 2200D. Prerequisite: CHEM 1103.

ENSC3023 Agricultural Waste Management (FA) The types, natures, and volumes of agricultural wastes and the effect of these wastes on the environment. The control, management, and reuse of wastes to include final disposal. Lecture 3 hours per week. (Same as BAST 3023) Prerequisite: junior standing and MATH 1203.

ENSC3253 Septic Systems (SP, Odd years) An overview of designing, installing, and monitoring standard and alternative septic systems as well as the rules and regulations that impact septic system design and installation. Recitation 3 hours per week. (Same as CVEG 3253) Prerequisite: AGRN 2203 or CVEG 3213.

ENSC3263 Environmental Soil and Water Conservation (SP) Effect of land use on water quality. Major sources of agricultural nonpoint pollutants. Best management practices used to minimize water quality impacts. Corequisite: ENSC 3260L. Prerequisite: AGRN 2203.

ENSC3260L Environmental Soil and Water Conservation Lab (SP) Corequisite: ENSC 3263.

ENSC3413 Principles of Environmental Economics (FA) An introductory, issues-oriented course in the economics of the environment. What is involved in society making decisions about environmental quality will be studied. Environmental issues important to the State of Arkansas and the United States will be emphasized. (Same as AGEC 3413) Prerequisite: AGEC 1103 or ECON 2023.

ENSC400V Special Problems (1-8) (FA, SP, SU) Work on special problems in environmental science or related fields. May be repeated for 8 hours.

ENSC4023 Water Quality (FA) Lectures concerning physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water resources in association with reference systems and point and non-point pollution sources. Regulations pertaining to water quality standards as well as parameter selection and analytical models are discussed. Course recommended for students who have 4 credit hours of Chemistry. Lecture 2 hours per week and laboratory 3 hours per week. Corequisite: ENSC 4020L.

ENSC4020L Water Quality Laboratory (FA) Corequisite: ENSC 4023.

ENSC4033 Water Quality Analysis (SP) Lectures concerning evaluation of water quality parameters with complementary field and laboratory experiences. Principles of parameter selection, quality assurance and quality control, sampling protocols, field techniques, and instrumentation as well as laboratory analysis methodologies will be emphasized. Lecture 2 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. Prerequisite: ENSC 4023.

ENSC4043 Environmental Impact and Fate of Pesticides (FA) Environmental issues associated with pesticide use, including fate of pesticides in the environment, ecological impact of pesticides, and exposure risks to humans. Lecture 3 hours per week. (Same as AGRN 4043) Prerequisite: 12 hours of biological and/or physical sciences.

ENSC4263 Environmental Soil Science (SP) Study of the behavior of pesticides, toxic organic compounds, metals, nutrients, and pathogenic microorganisms in the soil/plant/water continuum. Lecture 3 hours per week. (Same as AGRN 4263) Prerequisite: AGRN 3214.

ENSC4413 Economics of Environmental Management (SP, Odd years) An economic approach to problems of evaluating private and social benefits and costs of altering the environment. Emphasis given to the interaction of individuals, institutions, and technology in problems of establishing and maintaining an acceptable level of environmental quality. (Same as AGEC 4413) Prerequisite: AGEC 1103 and AGEC 3413.

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