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HESIOD
This
statue from Sicily (c560 BCE) depicts a mother goddess with a baby
on each breast. The resistance of the mother goddess poses a serious
problem for the sky gods in the Theogony, finally solved by Zeus,
who swallows his first wife, Metis.
This
link presents images depicting gods and events from the Theogony.
For images depicting the myths of Bellerophon and Perseus, follow
these links:
BELLEROPHON
PERSEUS
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Wall
painting from Pompeii (II 3 3), ca70 CE, it shows Aphrodite emerging
from the sea on a clamshell. The figure on the left appears to be
a humorous representation of Kronos with a long sickle, riding on
a dolphin, and on the right is Cupid (Eros). Remember, in Greek
mythology he is both a primal entity in Hesiod and the child of
Aphrodite and Ares.
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A later
Roman mosaic, from El Djem in north Africa (ca200-300 CE), it again
shows Aphrodite emerging from the sea, drying off her hair and getting
ready to put on some of the jewelry offered to her by the Cupids.
The left-hand Cupid also holds a mirror.
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Attic
red-figure Krater (mixing bowl), from Sicily, ca460 BCE. Kronos,
on the far left, receives the stone wrapped in swaddling clothes
from Rhea, immediately in front of him. The two women at center
and right do not have a secure identification.
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A Roman
decorative frieze from the period of Augustus (31 BCE - 14 CE),
from Gaul, it shows Zeus being suckled by Rhea on Crete, with the
Curetes clanging their shields above him, to keep Kronos from hearing
him cry.
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As you
know, Zeus rapidly grows up and gets some help from monsters in
his battle against Kronos and the Titans. The Cyclopes forge thunderbolts
for him, and the Hundred-Handed creatures (Kottos, Briareus, and
Gyges) come up from Tartaros to aid him.
A Roman portrayal of a Cyclops, probably from the high empire (90
-160 CE)
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A Roman
wall painting (Pompeii VII 2 25), showing three Cyclopes hard at
work forging a thunderbolt for Zeus (the Cyclops at left holds the
bolt across his knee, onto the anvil, and beats it with a hammer).
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Attic
red-figure vase, ca480-470 BCE, it shows Zeus rushing into action
with thunderbolt in hand.
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A Hydria
(water pot), Chalcidian, black-figure, ca540-530 BCE, showing Zeus
using the thunderbolt to defeat Typhoeus, the monster created from
intercourse between Gaia and Tartarus.
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A red-figure
oinochoe (wine-pouring jar) from Apulia (southern Italy), ca300
BCE, showing Zeus rushing in on a chariot to strike Typhoeus with
a thunderbolt; Typhoeus has apparently been depicted as a hybrid,
both a snaky-footed Giant and big-headed wind god.
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A silver
relief plaque (Sicilian, ca530 BCE) showing the confrontation between
Zeus and Typhoeus, who, as in the first vase-painting, has a snaky
lower body and wings.
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With
the help of his Olympian siblings, Zeus defeats the Titans, and
later defeats the Giants. Gigantomachies (battles between the Giants
and the Olympians) were very popular in Greek art. This black-figure
amphora (from Caere in Etruria) shows Zeus using his thunderbolt
(top register), Hera using her staff, Athena her armor, and Poseidon
his trident (lower register).
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Finally,
Zeus has the contest of wits with Prometheus, which leads to the
theft of fire and the creation of Pandora--and the punishment of
Prometheus.
This
red-figure vase, in comic style (with Satyrs), shows the theft of
fire by Prometheus.
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The result,
for men, is the creation of the first woman, Pandora. This red-figure
vase shows her emerging from the earth through the techne (skill)
of Hephaistos. A winged Eros sprinkles desire on her, as Hermes
prepares to lead her to Epimetheus.
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The result,
for Prometheus, was extended punishment, tied to a rock (or here,
a column) in the Caucasus, where his liver was eaten daily by a
vulture (or eagle), and regrew every night. Eventually, he would
be released by Herakles because he knew the name of Thetis, the
woman fated to have a son greater than his father.
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