Name: Johnson, Karen
E-mail: foodwithkaren@hotmail.com
Topic:   Caddo Indians were in Arkansas First
Grade:   3 (can be adapted for other grades)
Time:  2-3 class periods
Ark. Hist. Framework:   1.1.2.;  3.1.3.;  5.1.1.


Objective: The student will identify the relationships between the land and 
the lives of the Caddo Indians.

Set: Begin by reviewing that Indians were in the United States before the 
European explorers.  The Caddo Indians were in Arkansas.  We will be learning 
about the Caddo Indians:  how and where they lived and their lifestyles.  Play 
the song, "Cahinnio".

Materials: Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Arkansas History Text;  
Internet:  the song "Cahinnio" can be downloaded from  
http://arkansasstories.com/caddo-two.html or purchase it.

Key Terms: Caddo, Migrate, Cahinnio, Fertile, Sophisticated, Torso, Bison, 
Round-headed people, Dome, Mounds

Key Facts: The Caddo Indians are the only tribe that did not move to Arkansas;
although they were not the first people in Arkansas.  They used mounds for 
worship and places to bury their dead.  They were hunters and gatherers.  They 
bound the heads of their children so the forehead was flat and the top of the 
head was in a round dome.  They wore clothes and men tattooed or painted elaborate 
designs on their bodies.

Activities: Brainstorm, as a group, possible things the Caddo in Arkansas may 
have hunted and grown and make chart.  Students in groups of 2-3 will read 
pps. 61-63.  As a class discuss any changes that need to be made on the chart.  
Read the background of the song "Cahinnio".  Compare and contrast it to the text 
book.  Plan a meal using only foods known to the Caddo Indians (e.g., corn, squash, 
beans, pumpkins, sunflowers, buffalo, deer, bear, hickory nuts, watermelon, small 
mammals, duck, geese, dove, fish, berries.)

Closure: The land played an important part in the lives of the Caddo Indians.  
It provided a place to hunt enabling them to have meat to eat and skins for 
clothing and shelter.  The long growing season allowed the Caddo to grow fruits 
and vegetables.

Assessment: You are a Caddo Indian.  You have to provide the main meal for today.  
Write about  what you are feeding your family, how you will get the food, and how 
you will prepare it.  Make sure your sentences are complete.  (A rubric should 
be developed and used to score the paragraph.  Discuss rubric with students BEFORE 
they start writing.)

Resources: http://www.arkansasstories.com/caddo-two.html;
http://www.uark.edu/campus-resources/archinfo//caddo.pdf;   
1991 text "Arkansas  The World Around Us"  Macmillan/McGraw-Hill

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